Introduction to C Language

• Fundamentals of Computers
• What is Programming
• History of C Language
• Version History
• How software developed in C Language
• IDE
• Installation of VS Code
• using IDE
• First Program

Basics of C Language

• Tokens
• white space
• Constants
• Variables
• Keywords
• Comments
• Data Types
• Variable Declarations
• Output instruction in C
• Input instruction in C
• Operators in C

Control Statements in C Language

• Decision Control introduction
• if statement
• if else statement
• conditional operator
• Nested if else
• if else ladder
• Iterative Control
• while loop
• do while loop
• for loop
• break
• continue
• Nested loop
• Star Pattern Problems
• switch case control
• menu driven programs

Functions and Recursion

• Function Introduction
• Function call vs Function Definition
• Predefined and user-defined functions
• Flow of program containing multiple functions
• Benefits of function
• Ways to define a function
• Takes nothing returns nothing
• Take Something returns nothing
• Takes Nothing Return Something
• Take Something, Return Something
• Header file and Library Files
• Recursion
• Recursion Tree
• Approach to recursive solution

Arrays and String

• Array Introduction
• Array Declaration Rules
• Bound Checking
• Sorting
• Function Call by Passing Arrays
• Two Dimensional Arrays
• Multi-dimensional Arrays
• Introduction to Strings
• null character
• user input
• String Functions
• Function Call by Passing String
• Handling Multiple Strings

Pointer Structure and DMA

• Introduction to Pointer
• concept of memory address
• referencing and dereferencing operators
• size of pointer
• Concept of Base Address
• Data type of pointer
• extended concept of pointers
• pointer’s arithmetic
• Call by reference
• Pointer and arrays
• pointer and strings
• array of pointers
• pointer to an array
• wild pointer
• NULL pointer
• Dangling pointer
• void pointer
• Structure Introduction
• Primitive and Non primitive data type
• defining structure
• local definition vs global definition of structure
• declaring structure variable
• structure variable initialization during declaration
• structure variable initialization after declaration
• taking input from user
• structure array
• function returning structure
• function call by passing structure
• structure pointer
• SMA vs DMA
• malloc function
• calloc function
• Type casting
• Memory Leak
• free function
• realloc function

Introduction to Data Structures

• What are Data Structures and Algorithms

• Importance and Applications in software, competitive programming, and placements

Arrays

Topics Covered:

1. Introduction to Arrays (Static Array)

2. Dynamic Arrays (Using malloc in C)

3. Array Operations

   • Traversal, Insertion, Deletion, Updating, Searching

4. Common Array Problems

   • Rotation

   • Element Frequency

   • Maximum/Minimum elements

Linked Lists

Types Covered:

1. Singly Linked List

2. Doubly Linked List

3. Circular Linked List

4. Circular Doubly Linked List

Topics Covered:

• Creation, Insertion, Deletion, Traversal

• Searching and Updating elements

• Reverse a Linked List

Stacks

Implementation Methods:

1. Using Array

2. Using Linked List

Topics Covered:

• Push, Pop, Peek, IsEmpty operations

• Applications: Expression evaluation, Undo-Redo

Queues

Implementation Methods:

1. Using Array

2. Using Linked List

Other Types:

• Deque (Double-Ended Queue)

• pripriority queue

Applications:

• Job scheduling, process management

Recursion

Topics Covered:

• Understanding recursive function calls and memory (call stack)

• Base case and recursive case

• Practical Examples:

  • Factorial

  • Fibonacci Series

• How recursion is used in algorithms and data structures

Trees

Types Covered:

• Binary Search Tree (BST) – Insertion, Deletion, Traversals

• AVL Tree – Self-balancing BST with rotations

• Heap Tree – Min-Heap, Max-Heap

• Huffman Coding Tree – Data Compression

Topics Covered:

• Traversals: Inorder, Preorder, Postorder

Graphs

Topics Covered:

1. Representation: Adjacency Matrix, Adjacency List

2. Graph Traversals: BFS, DFS

Sorting Algorithms:

• Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort

• Quick Sort, Merge Sort, Heap Sort

Heap

Heaps are specialized tree-based data structures used for priority-based operations.

Types Covered:

• Min-Heap

• Max-Heap

Topics Covered:

• Heap Operations: Insertion, Deletion, Heapify

• Heap Sort

Searching Algorithms:

Linear Search, Binary Search

Hashing:

Hash tables, Collision Handling

Time Complexity & Space Complexity

1. Introduction to Complexity Analysis

• Importance of analyzing algorithm performance

• Measuring efficiency in terms of time and space

• Real-world examples showing optimized vs. unoptimized code

2. Time Complexity (Big O, Big Ω, Big Θ)

• Big O Notation: Worst-case scenario analysis

• Big Ω Notation: Best-case scenario analysis

• Big Θ Notation: Average-case analysis

• Understanding how input size affects performance

Application to Data Structures & Algorithms:

• Arrays: Searching, Insertion, Deletion

• Linked List: Traversal, Insertion, Deletion

• Stack/Queue: Push, Pop, Enqueue, Dequeue

• Trees (BST, AVL): Insertion, Deletion, Search

• Heap: Insert, Delete, Heapify

• Sorting Algorithms: Bubble, Selection, Insertion, Quick, Merge, Heap Sort

• Searching Algorithms: Linear, Binary

• Graph Algorithms: BFS, DFS, Dijkstra’s

3. Space Complexity

• Memory usage by variables, arrays, linked lists, and recursion

• Extra memory used by dynamic allocation (malloc in C)

Types of Algorithms:

• Brute Force
• Divide and Conquer
• Greedy Algorithm
• Dynamic Programming
• Backtracking

Key Highlights of the Course

C + DSA Questions Covered – Practice 400+ questions covering C programming fundamentals and Data Structures & Algorithms including arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, graphs, recursion, and more. Each problem is implemented practically in C language to help you build strong coding and problem-solving skills.

• Step-by-Step Problem Solving – Learn to approach, analyze, and solve problems efficiently.

• Placement & Interview Preparation – All questions designed to prepare students for coding interviews and competitive exams.

• Interactive Live Classes – Doubt-solving support during and after classes.

• Practical Assignments & Projects – Reinforce learning through real-world problems.